 
 
 
 
 
   
The BSD conjecture asserts that if A is a modular abelian 
variety with 
 ,
then
,
then
 
 is the group of rational torsion points on A;
the Shafarevich-Tate group
is the group of rational torsion points on A;
the Shafarevich-Tate group 
 is a measure of the failure
of the local-to-global principle; the Tamagawa numbers cp are the 
orders of certain component groups associated to A; 
the real number
is a measure of the failure
of the local-to-global principle; the Tamagawa numbers cp are the 
orders of certain component groups associated to A; 
the real number  is 
the volume of 
A(R) with respect to a basis of differentials having 
everywhere nonzero good reduction; and
is 
the volume of 
A(R) with respect to a basis of differentials having 
everywhere nonzero good reduction; and  is the dual of A.
is the dual of A.